Abs： Critical to the development of energy related materials is a detailed understanding of their atomic level composition, structure and dynamics. Neutron and X-ray diffraction are commonly used techniques to obtain nuclear and magnetic structures. However, energy materials provide additional complex challenges as their structures often possess dynamical components. For example, the functionality of solid oxide fuel cells, batteries, and gas absorption systems is reliant on mobility of parts of their structure. We will discuss alternative approaches to traditional structure refinement to obtain a more complete structural description in a number of examples, including perovskite photovoltaics, oxide ion conductors, batteries, and metal - organic frameworks.

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